Thursday, June 30, 2011

Activity #2



 











Carbon
















Lithium


















Beryllium

Questions:
1. Atomic number for each model?
Carbon:  6
Beryllium: 4
Lithium:    3

2. Atomic mass for each model?
Carbon: 12
Beryllium:  9
Lithium:    6


3. What subatomic particles are equal in number?
Carbon: 6 protons and 6 neutrons


4. How would you make an isotope for one of your models? What would you change?
-I would have to keep the same atomic number of the element but have different mass numbers, adding or removing a neutron would alter the nucleolus of the element. 


5. What makes up most of the volume of an atom?
-The nucleolus holds the most volume of an atom because that is where the protons and neutrons are located. 


6. Image of an excited electron:












7. What occurs when electron returns to the ground-state?
-When the electron goes back to it's lower state it generates a photon of energy that we see as a spark of light. 


8. Why are some elements different colors when they are excited?
-Elements have different diverse gases, so when those gasses pass through the prism they produce different shades of light.


9. Explain how the color of fireworks arise?
-Each firework has their own different combination of elements so when they are burned and brought to the excited state and explode as those electrons are going back to the ground-state the photon lights omitted and the color is shown. 


10. Explain the overall organizational structure of the periodic table?
-First the elements are organized horizontally by their period and then vertically by their groups. The elements are then further broken down then into the four sections: Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases, and then further more into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.


11. Two examples from each:
Alkali Metals: Sodium and Potassium
Alkaline Earth: Calcium and Beryllium
Halogens:Fluorine and Iodine
Noble Gases: Neon and Helium
Transition Metals: Iron and Silver
Non-Metals: Sulfur and Oxygen
Metalloids: Arsenic and Polonium

Wednesday, June 22, 2011

Activity #1

Here are three experimental questions to answer:
1. Does hot water or cold water freeze faster?
-Cold Water
2. Does hot water or cold water boil faster?
-Hot water
3. Does salt water freeze faster or slower than regular water?
-Slower

1. Pictures of your experimental materials and setup.
Warm and cold water in cups
Afterwards you can see that the cold water froze faster with the dime sitting on top of the ice of the Cold cup and laying at the bottom of the Warm cup.
2. Your hypothesis to the questions posed.
-My hypothesis is that the cold water will freeze faster then the hot water because it is alread cooled, and the hot water will boil faster because its temperature is already risen, and that salt water will freeze slower because salt water is harder to freeze.
 
3. Data in the form of a graph or table

Freezing time
Boiling time
Hot water
1 hr. 25 min.
3 min. 23 sec.
Cold water
1 hr. 19 min.
4 min. 10 sec.
Salt water
1 hr. 54 min.
-

4. Show data of experiment repeated


Freezing time
Boiling time
Hot water
1 hr. 23 min.
3 min. 40 sec.
Cold water
1 hr. 16 min.
4 min 39 sec.
Salt water
1 hr. 56 min.
-
 
5. List your controlled variables for your experiment
-freezer is at a consistent temperature
-Burners on stove at a consistant heat
-amount of water being used
-amount of salt uses for salt water
-temperature for cool/hot water
 
6. Formulate a theory that answers the questions posed.
-The hot water boiled faster because it was easier for it to reach the boiling point, Cold water froze faster because it is easier for it to reach freezing point vs hot water. I think hot water will cool faster due to the huge temperature change but i stand to my results that cold water will freze faster. Salt water froze slower because the salt decreases the freezing point of the water.
 
7. Image of the atoms that make up water molecules.
8. Video or animation that shows how water molecules are arranged in the three states of matter for water
Matter: Solids, Liquids, and Gases
9. Describe the scientific method/process and how each step correlates to your own experiments.
1. Conduct a Hypothesis
2. Plan out the experiment and materials needed
3. Gather materials needed
4. Perform the experiment and record data
5. Compare data
6. Based on your results compare whether your hypothesis was correct or not.